ebola virus 2014 signs and symptoms

signs and symptoms

The length of time between exposure to the virus and the development of symptoms of the disease is usually 2 to 21 days. PLOS reports that the average time is 11.4 days from exposure with about one chance in forty that a given infected person will not show symptoms after more than 21 days.




Symptoms usually begin with a sudden influenza-like stage characterized by feeling tired, fever, pain in the muscles and joints, headache, and sore throat. The fever is usually higher than 38.3 °C (100.9 °F). This is often followed by vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain. Next, shortness of breath and chest pain may occur, along with swelling, headaches and confusion. In about half of the cases, the skin may develop a maculopapular rash (a flat red area covered with small bumps).


In some cases, internal and external bleeding may occur. This typically begins five to seven days after the first symptoms. All infected people show some decreased blood clotting.Bleeding from mucous membranes or from sites of needle punctures has been reported in 40–50 percent of cases. This may result in the vomiting of blood, coughing up of blood or blood in stool.Bleeding into the skin may create petechiae, purpura, ecchymoses or hematomas (especially around needle injection sites). Bleeding into the whites of the eyes may also occur. Heavy bleeding is uncommon, and if it occurs, it is usually located within the gastrointestinal tract.
 

Recovery may begin between 7 and 14 days after the start of symptoms. Death, if it occurs, follows typically 6 to 16 days from the start of symptoms and is often due to low blood pressure from fluid loss. In general, bleeding often indicates a worse outcome, and this blood loss may result in death. People are often in a coma near the end of life. Those who survive often have ongoing muscle and joint pain, liver inflammation, and decreased hearing among other difficulties.

EVD in humans is caused by four of five viruses of the genus Ebolavirus. The four are Bundibugyo virus (BDBV), Sudan virus (SUDV), Taï Forest virus (TAFV) and one simply called Ebola virus (EBOV, formerly Zaire Ebola virus). EBOV, species Zaire ebolavirus, is the most dangerous of the known EVD-causing viruses, and is responsible for the largest number of outbreaks. The fifth virus, Reston virus (RESTV), is not thought to cause disease in humans, but has caused disease in other primates. All five viruses are closely related to marburgviruses.
 

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